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Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
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Chimpanzee play sequences are structured hierarchically as games.

Alexander Mielke1,2, Susana Carvalho1,3

  • 1Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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|November 22, 2022
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Summary

Chimpanzee social play exhibits a hierarchical structure, organized into predictable, game-like sequences. This "grammar of action" reveals flexible rules underlying chimpanzee play behavior.

Keywords:
Action grammarChimpanzeeGamesPan troglodytes verusPlaySequences

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Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior
  • Ethology
  • Animal cognition

Background:

  • Social play is crucial for development in many species, requiring flexible action adaptation.
  • Unlike tool use or communication, play's form isn't function-defined, making it unpredictable.
  • Human play often involves games with context-appropriate but unpredictable action sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hierarchical structure and game-like patterns in chimpanzee social play.
  • To analyze action sequences and transition probabilities in play elements.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 5,711 play elements from 143 play bouts in 11 Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus).
  • Extraction of individual-level play sequences.
  • Detection of transition probabilities between play elements using transition networks.

Main Results:

  • Play elements form hierarchically clustered and interchangeable groups, indicative of at least six distinct games.
  • Some games showed different roles for different players.
  • Increased information about preceding elements improved predictability of subsequent actions, refuting random sequencing.

Conclusions:

  • Chimpanzee social play is structured hierarchically into short games with limited acceptable play elements.
  • This structure allows players to predict and adapt to partners' actions.
  • The
  • grammar of action
  • approach offers insights into cognitive and communicative abilities across species.