Sex-related disparities in students' disaster responses in the post-COVID-19 era

This study aimed to understand whether sex-related variations existed in responses to the pandemic as well as campus climate change of anti-epidemic measures. An online survey was distributed to full-time undergraduates in 13 postsecondary institutions located in an eastern province in China. First, we matched "similar" students in terms of a set of observational variables. Second, we compared female students with these "similar" male peers in terms of their responses to COVID-19 and responses to the campus climate change of anti-epidemic measures. Finally, the robustness of matching estimators was checked for the potential biases that might be caused by unobserved variables. The primary results showed that female students had higher awareness, preparedness, and fear, but lesser knowledge of the pandemic, and considered getting vaccinated of lesser necessity compared with male students. Also, we observed a pronounced pattern of sex-related difference in responding to campus climate changes; male students were more likely to be indifferent in keeping social distance, adopting other measures, and participating in campus activities. The findings inform postsecondary administrators and other related stakeholders to avoid making the existing sex-related disparities larger and help every student well prepare for and appropriately respond to COVID-19.