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Is Flexibility More than Fluency and Originality?

Selina Weiss1, Oliver Wilhelm1

  • 1Institute of Psychology and Pedagogy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Creative thinking flexibility is mainly explained by fluency and originality, not working memory or mental speed. This suggests flexibility may be a measurement artifact rather than a distinct cognitive ability.

Keywords:
creative flexibilityfluencymental speedoriginalityworking memory capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Creativity Research

Background:

  • Divergent thinking involves flexibility, fluency, and originality.
  • Flexibility may uniquely relate to working memory due to task demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the relationship between flexibility, fluency, originality, working memory, and mental speed.
  • Determine if flexibility is a distinct construct or a measurement artifact.

Main Methods:

  • Latent variable modeling with a sample of 409 adults.
  • Assessed divergent thinking components (flexibility, fluency, originality).
  • Measured working memory, mental speed, and self-reported creative activities.

Main Results:

  • Fluency and originality strongly predicted flexibility, accounting for 61% of its variance.
  • Creative flexibility showed no significant relationship with working memory or mental speed after controlling for fluency/originality.
  • Residual flexibility was unrelated to self-reported creative activities.

Conclusions:

  • Flexibility, as measured, appears to be a method factor, not distinct from fluency/originality.
  • The findings question the unique contribution of flexibility measures in traditional divergent thinking tasks.
  • Further research is needed to differentiate trait and method variance in flexibility assessments.