Mixed methods research: A primer for the vascular surgeon

Mixed methods research is an approach that intentionally integrates both quantitative and qualitative research methods to answer a research question. The hallmark of mixed methods research is a focus on designing studies that integrate both quantitative and qualitative data, yielding greater results than either method could yield on its own. There are a number of fundamental concepts that are essential to conducting mixed methods research. These include a methodological approach that employs one of the three core study designs, involvement of a multidisciplinary team that includes both methodological and subject matter experts, and meticulous planning to ensure that the data collected can ultimately be integrated to yield findings that answer the original research question to the investigators' (and funders') satisfaction. In this article, we will discuss mixed methods research designs, data sources typically used in mixed methods research, and common data analysis and integration strategies. We will also provide examples of mixed methods research projects that have been used in vascular surgery. The intent of this article was to provide an overview of the field of mixed methods research, enabling the reader to critically assess mixed methods research studies in the literature and consider how this methodology might benefit their own research endeavors.