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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

9.0K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

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sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
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Resonance and Hybrid Structures02:16

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

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According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.
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What is Organic Chemistry?02:17

What is Organic Chemistry?

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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are synthesized by chemists. A defining trait of these compounds is the presence of carbon as the principal element, which is bonded to other carbon atoms and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The existence of a wide array of organic molecules is a consequence of carbon atoms’ ability to form up to four strong bonds to...
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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Introduction to Functional Groups02:08

Introduction to Functional Groups

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Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.  
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Hybrid Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks: Structures and Functional Applications.

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Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 22, 2022
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Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are promising porous materials, but stability is a challenge. Hybrid HOFs, using stronger bonds, offer enhanced stability and porosity for diverse applications.

Keywords:
charge-assisted hydrogen bondshydrogen-bonded organic frameworksmetal-nucleobase complexesmetal-organic frameworksporous materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are emerging porous crystalline materials known for mild synthesis and recyclability.
  • A key limitation of conventional HOFs is their structural instability upon solvent removal (desolvation).
  • Improving stability, porosity, and functionality are critical challenges for HOF development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review rational design and synthesis principles for hybrid HOFs.
  • To highlight cutting-edge applications of these advanced materials.
  • To discuss strategies for overcoming HOF instability.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on charge-assisted hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds for framework stabilization.
  • Exploration of ionic and metallized HOFs as examples of hybrid structures.
  • Review of literature on design, synthesis, and applications of stable HOFs.

Main Results:

  • Hybrid HOFs demonstrate enhanced stability and permanent porosity compared to traditional HOFs.
  • Stronger bonding interactions lead to robust framework structures.
  • Successful applications demonstrated in selective inclusion, proton conduction, gas separation, and catalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid HOFs represent a significant advancement in designing stable and porous crystalline materials.
  • The integration of charge-assisted hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds is a key strategy for robust HOFs.
  • Hybrid HOFs offer broad potential in various technological applications.