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Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
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Single-cell RNA-seq methods to interrogate virus-host interactions.

Kalani Ratnasiri1,2, Aaron J Wilk1,2,3, Madeline J Lee1,2

  • 1Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Seminars in Immunopathology
|November 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers a powerful approach to study virus-host interactions during infections like COVID-19. This technology reveals viral genomic and host response heterogeneity, aiding antiviral immunity research.

Keywords:
Antiviral immunitySingle-cell RNA sequencingTranscriptomicsVirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Emergence of novel viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) necessitates understanding virus-host dynamics.
  • Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, complicating infection studies.
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables simultaneous profiling of host and viral transcripts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review technological and methodological advances in scRNA-seq for antiviral immunity.
  • To highlight scRNA-seq applications in understanding viral pathogenesis.
  • To discuss future directions for scRNA-seq in developing antiviral strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of technological advancements in scRNA-seq.
  • Analysis of scRNA-seq applications in antiviral research.
  • Integration of multi-omic data and publicly available datasets.

Main Results:

  • scRNA-seq reveals viral genomic and host response heterogeneity.
  • Identifies differential responses between infected and bystander cells.
  • Uncovers intercellular communication networks during viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • scRNA-seq is crucial for unraveling virus-host dynamics.
  • Further technological and analytical developments will enhance understanding of viral pathogenesis.
  • scRNA-seq data can inform the development of novel antiviral therapeutics.