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Infantile Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma Leading to Multi-Systemic End-Organ Disease

Liana Grosinger1, Irim Salik1, Bhupen Mehta1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, USA.

Cureus
|November 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma, a rare infant tumor, is curable if found early. Untreated, it can cause abdominal compartment syndrome and organ damage, presenting anesthetic challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Nephrology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a rare, typically benign, infantile renal tumor.
  • Early surgical resection offers a high cure rate for CMN.
  • Undiagnosed or delayed treatment can lead to severe complications.

Observation:

  • This case report details an infant with a solid renal tumor causing chronic abdominal compartment syndrome.
  • The tumor's mass effect led to compression of vital vascular and solid structures.
  • This resulted in multi-systemic end-organ dysfunction.

Findings:

  • Chronic abdominal compartment syndrome in infants can arise from solid renal tumors.
  • Significant compression of local structures can lead to severe end-organ damage.
  • Anesthetic management requires careful consideration of the physiological consequences.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of early diagnosis and surgical management of congenital mesoblastic nephroma.
  • Underscores the potential for severe morbidity from unrecognized abdominal tumors in infants.
  • Emphasizes the critical role of anesthesiologists in managing complex pediatric cases with abdominal hypertension and organ dysfunction.
Keywords:
abdominal compartment syndrome (acs)congenital mesoblastic nephromainfantile tumormalignant hypertensionpediatric anesthesiologypediatric solid renal tumors

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