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Related Concept Videos

Sperm Transport01:15

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The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Semen Quality and DNA Fragmentation After Limited Testicular Sperm Extraction in Non-Azoospermic Men With ART Failure: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.

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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

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Sperm Retrieval in Non-azoospermic Patients with Persistent Ejaculation Dysfunction.

Hamed Akhavizadegan1, Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani1, Naser Amirjannati2

  • 1Urology Department, Tehran University of Medical Scienes, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Reproduction & Infertility
|November 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Male factor infertility impacts many couples, with ejaculation disorders hindering sperm retrieval for assisted reproduction. This review outlines strategies for managing sperm retrieval in non-azoospermic men with these issues.

Keywords:
AzoospermiaEjaculationInfertilitySemen analysisSperm retrieval

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Urology
  • Andrology

Background:

  • Infertility affects 15-20% of couples, with male factors contributing to 50% of cases.
  • Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are crucial when medical/surgical treatments fail.
  • Urologists play a key role in sperm retrieval for ART, with distinct procedures for azoospermic and non-azoospermic men.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common challenges in sperm retrieval for non-azoospermic men experiencing ejaculatory dysfunction.
  • To introduce effective management strategies for these specific male infertility cases.
  • To propose a structured approach for clinicians managing sperm retrieval in such patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on sperm retrieval techniques in non-azoospermic men with ejaculatory disorders.
  • Analysis of common problems encountered during sperm retrieval procedures.
  • Synthesis of current management strategies and proposed clinical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Ejaculatory dysfunction is a significant barrier to sperm retrieval in non-azoospermic infertile men.
  • Various techniques and strategies can overcome these retrieval challenges.
  • A standardized approach can streamline sperm retrieval and reduce clinical difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management strategies exist for sperm retrieval in non-azoospermic men with ejaculatory dysfunction.
  • A systematic approach can improve outcomes for both patients and clinicians.
  • Addressing ejaculatory disorders is vital for successful sperm retrieval in male infertility.