Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

8.7K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
8.7K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

8.3K
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
8.3K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

47.6K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
47.6K
α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction01:15

α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction

3.1K
The method to achieve α-brominated carboxylic acids using a mixture of phosphorus tribromide and bromine is known as the Hell–Volhard–Zelinski reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by phosphorus tribromide, which can be used directly or produced in situ from red phosphorus and bromine. The mechanism comprises PBr3 catalyzed conversion of acid to acid bromide and hydrogen bromide. The acid bromide enolizes to its enol form in the presence of HBr. The nucleophilic enol attacks the...
3.1K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

32.8K
sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
32.8K
The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

38.4K
Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
38.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inverted metal-free active template synthesis of rotaxanes via axle‑mediated macrocyclization.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same author

One- and two-electron coordinatively-induced reduction of <i>N</i>-heterocycles by divalent rare earth terphenyl anilide complexes.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Catalyst-Free Selective Reduction of Nitrogen Dioxide to Nitric Oxide.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Synthesis and Characterization of Monomeric, Dimeric, and Polymeric Rare-Earth Bis(trimethyl)silylphosphide Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Conformationally Switchable Molecular Trefoil Knot Assembled From 2,6-Bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) Building Blocks.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Activation of N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CO at a sterically protected phosphorus center.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus
14:07

Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus

Published on: October 3, 2014

13.7K

Mapping boron catalysis onto a phosphorus cluster platform.

Benjamin L L Réant1, Bono van IJzendoorn1, George F S Whitehead2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. meera.mehta@manchester.ac.uk.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|November 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Zintl clusters as a novel platform for metal-free catalysis. Boranes tethered to a phosphorus cluster enable Lewis acid catalysis for various organic transformations, opening new avenues in main group chemistry.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

3.0K
Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI

Published on: November 22, 2016

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus
14:07

Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus

Published on: October 3, 2014

13.7K
Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

3.0K
Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI

Published on: November 22, 2016

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Main group chemistry
  • Organometallic chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Zintl clusters, comprising main group elements like phosphorus, have been known for over a century.
  • The application of Zintl clusters in main group catalysis remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of mapping boron chemistry onto Zintl clusters.
  • To establish Zintl clusters as a platform for metal-free Lewis acid catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Tethering boranes to a seven-atom phosphorus cluster ({C8H14}BCH2CH2SiMe2)3P7.
  • Utilizing the modified cluster as a Lewis acid catalyst in organic transformations.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized cluster successfully mediated key organic transformations, including the hydroboration of various unsaturated compounds.
  • This represents the first reported use of Zintl-based clusters as a platform in metal-free catalysis.
  • The study showcases the potential of integrating boron chemistry with main group clusters.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method enables the application of boron's extensive chemistry to Zintl clusters.
  • This approach holds promise for applications beyond catalysis, including neutron capture therapy, stimuli-responsive materials, and polymer chemistry.