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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

A Murine Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and Tumor Detection System

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Published on: January 12, 2017

AHNAK2 Urinary Protein Expression as Potential Biomarker for Bladder Cancer Detection: A Pilot Study.

Selim Komina¹, Gordana Petrusevska¹, Rubens Jovanovic¹

¹Ss. Cyril and Methodious University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Skopje, North Macedonia.

Turkish Journal of Urology

|November 23, 2022

Summary

Elevated urinary AHNAK2 (a protein) levels indicate bladder cancer. This biomarker may help reduce unnecessary cystoscopies for bladder cancer surveillance.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Oncology
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Bladder cancer diagnosis and surveillance often rely on invasive procedures like cystoscopy.
Novel, non-invasive biomarkers are needed to improve patient management and reduce healthcare costs.

Purpose of the Study:

To measure urinary levels of the AHNAK2 protein in patients with bladder cancer.
To evaluate AHNAK2 as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer detection and surveillance.

Main Methods:

A prospective case-control study involving 67 participants (37 bladder cancer, 30 controls).
Urine samples were collected and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Statistical analyses included t-tests, correlation, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.

Main Results:

Mean urinary AHNAK2 levels were significantly higher in bladder cancer patients (49.08 pg/mL) compared to controls (5.28 pg/mL).
Elevated levels were observed in both non-invasive and invasive bladder cancers, with significantly higher levels in muscle-invasive disease.
The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 64.19% and specificity of 66.67%, with an area under the curve of 0.695.

Conclusions:

Urinary AHNAK2 protein shows potential as a biomarker for bladder cancer surveillance.
Incorporating AHNAK2 levels into stratification nomograms could potentially decrease the need for frequent cystoscopies.