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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
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Multifunctional Quasi-Solid-State Zinc-Sulfur Battery.

Ahmad Amiri1, Ronald Sellers1, Mohammad Naraghi2

  • 1J. Mike Walker'66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States.

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|November 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a freeze-resistant quasi-solid-state zinc-sulfur battery (ZnS) using activated carbon nanofibers and a novel hydrogel electrolyte. This structural energy storage device offers high energy density and superior mechanical properties for applications like electric vehicles.

Keywords:
energy densityfatiguequasi-solid-state electrolytestrengthstructural and multifunctional energy storagezinc−sulfur battery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Structural energy storage devices face challenges in energy density, safety, and material immaturity, limiting their adoption in electric vehicles.
  • Existing devices struggle with varied climate conditions and possess inadequate electrochemical and mechanical performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and test a freeze-resistant, multifunctional quasi-solid-state zinc-sulfur battery (ZnS).
  • To address limitations of current structural energy storage by enhancing electrochemical and mechanical properties and climate applicability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electrostatic spray coating to deposit sulfur onto activated carbon nanofibers (A-CNFs) for a load-bearing cathode.
  • Developed an antifreezing hydrogel electrolyte with ethylene glycol and an I2 additive for enhanced performance and freeze resistance.
  • Investigated the electrochemomechanical properties to understand the interplay between energy storage and mechanical behavior.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high sulfur loading (60 wt %) on A-CNFs, resulting in significant energy density (283 Wh/kg based on cathode).
  • The quasi-solid-state ZnS battery demonstrated exceptional mechanical properties: tensile strength of 377 MPa, Young's modulus of 16.7 GPa, and energy-to-failure of 4.5 MJ/m³.
  • The novel hydrogel electrolyte exhibited a failure strain exceeding 200%, ensuring functionality in varied climates.

Conclusions:

  • The developed freeze-resistant ZnS battery overcomes key limitations of structural energy storage devices.
  • This multifunctional battery offers superior energy storage and load-bearing capabilities compared to state-of-the-art devices.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced structural energy storage solutions in demanding applications.