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Impact of OSA treatment success on changes in hypertension and obesity: A retrospective cohort study

Akash Shanmugam1, Zachary O Binney2, Courtney B Voyles3

  • 1Emory College of Arts & Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA; Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, GA, USA.

Sleep Medicine
|November 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Successful treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) improved blood pressure in hypertensive children but did not affect BMI in obese children. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) showed greater blood pressure improvements than surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to chronic cardiometabolic conditions like obesity and cardiovascular disease.
  • Effective management of pediatric OSA is crucial for mitigating these long-term health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of successful continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and surgical treatments for pediatric OSA on cardiometabolic outcomes.
  • To compare the effectiveness of CPAP versus surgery in improving systolic blood pressure (SBP) and body mass index (BMI) in children with OSA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 414 pediatric patients (≤18 years) diagnosed with OSA between 2015-2019.
  • Collected data included SBP, BMI, apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), and CPAP compliance.
  • Linear mixed-effects models analyzed the relationship between cardiometabolic measures and OSA treatment success.

Main Results:

  • Successful OSA management positively impacted SBP in hypertensive patients but showed no significant effect on BMI in obese patients.
  • CPAP treatment success led to a greater improvement in SBP z-score percentile compared to surgical treatment success.
  • No significant differences in clinical measures were observed for obese patients across any treatment cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Successful management of pediatric OSA benefits hypertensive patients by improving SBP.
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) offers superior improvements in SBP for hypertensive children compared to surgical interventions.
  • Current treatment strategies may not significantly alter BMI in obese pediatric patients with OSA.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenHypertensionObesityObstructive sleep apneaTreatment outcomes

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