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Related Concept Videos

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Video

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Circulating c-Met-Expressing Memory T Cells Define Cardiac Autoimmunity.

Silvia Fanti1, Edward Stephenson1,2, Etel Rocha-Vieira1,3

  • 1William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK.

Circulation
|November 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Circulating c-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met)-positive T cells are elevated in inflammatory heart muscle diseases. Targeting these cells may offer new therapeutic strategies for cardiac autoimmunity.

Keywords:
T-lymphocytescardiac myosinscardiomyopathieshearthepatocyte growth factorhumansinflammationmicemyocarditistherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Autoimmunity is a growing factor in heart muscle diseases, but cardiac immune responses are difficult to study in situ.
  • A subset of c-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met)-expressing (c-Met+) memory T lymphocytes preferentially targets cardiac tissue in humans and mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and characteristics of c-Met+ T cells in human cardiomyopathies.
  • To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting c-Met+ T cells in cardiac autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • In-depth phenotyping of peripheral blood T cells, including c-Met+ T cells, in patients with inflammatory and noninflammatory cardiomyopathies, noncardiac autoimmunity, and healthy controls.
  • Validation using human cardiac tissue and an experimental model of autoimmune myocarditis.

Main Results:

  • c-Met+ T cells were selectively increased in circulation and myocardium of patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathies.
  • These cells exhibit distinct functions, including proliferation to cardiac myosin and cytokine production (IL-4, IL-17, IL-22).
  • In experimental autoimmune myocarditis, elevated c-Met+ T cells signaled loss of immune tolerance, and c-Met inhibition halted disease.

Conclusions:

  • Detection of circulating c-Met+ T cells can aid in diagnosing and monitoring cardiac inflammation.
  • c-Met+ T cells represent potential therapeutic targets for progressive cardiac injury driven by autoimmunity.