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Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment
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Chemistry-driven changes strongly influence climate forcing from vegetation emissions.

James Weber1,2, Scott Archer-Nicholls3,4, Nathan Luke Abraham3,5

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Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) significantly impact climate through aerosol and cloud changes. Advanced chemistry models reveal BVOCs have a positive climate feedback, but its magnitude depends on chemical processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Climate Science
  • Earth System Modeling

Background:

  • Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) influence climate by altering aerosols, aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI), ozone, and methane.
  • BVOCs are sensitive to climate and land use, creating feedback loops with uncertain net climatic impacts.
  • The representation of BVOC chemistry is a key source of uncertainty in climate projections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the influence of BVOC chemistry on climate feedbacks.
  • To compare the climatic impact of BVOCs using standard versus state-of-science chemistry descriptions.
  • To investigate the mechanisms driving aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) under altered BVOC chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Earth System Model UKESM1 to simulate climate responses.
  • Compared model runs with doubled pre-industrial BVOC emissions under two chemistry schemes: standard and state-of-science.
  • Analyzed changes in aerosols, ACI, ozone, methane, and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC).

Main Results:

  • Doubling BVOC emissions resulted in a net positive climate forcing, driven by increases in ozone and methane, and altered ACI, outweighing enhanced aerosol scattering.
  • The ACI response was primarily driven by CDNC reductions due to suppressed gas-phase sulfur dioxide (SO2) oxidation.
  • State-of-science chemistry reduced the net feedback by 43% due to lower oxidant depletion, leading to smaller increases in methane and CDNC.

Conclusions:

  • BVOC chemistry significantly influences the net climatic impact of biogenic emissions.
  • The pathways through which BVOCs affect climate are more complex than previously recognized, particularly concerning ACI.
  • Accurate representation of BVOC chemistry is crucial for reliable climate change projections.