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Identifying fish eggs and larvae: from classic methodologies to DNA metabarcoding.

Natália Lima Lira1, Sandro Tonello2, Roberto Laridondo Lui3

  • 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Prolongamento da Rua Cerejeira, S/N, Santa Helena, PR, 85892-000, Brazil. natalia.limalira@hotmail.com.

Molecular Biology Reports
|November 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

DNA barcoding and metabarcoding revolutionize fish egg and larva identification, overcoming traditional taxonomic challenges. These molecular tools offer precise identification, enhancing ichthyoplankton research and environmental assessments.

Keywords:
BiodiversityCOIDNA barcodeHTSIchthyoplankton

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Area of Science:

  • Ichthyology
  • Molecular Ecology
  • Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis

Background:

  • Ichthyoplankton studies are crucial for understanding fish populations and aquatic ecosystems.
  • Traditional taxonomic identification of fish eggs and larvae is often challenging and time-consuming.
  • Molecular techniques have emerged as powerful tools to address these identification limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements and applications of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding in identifying fish eggs and larvae.
  • To highlight the increasing trend and accuracy of molecular identification methods in ichthyoplankton research.
  • To discuss the significance of these molecular tools as best practices in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies utilizing DNA barcoding and DNA metabarcoding for fish egg and larval identification.
  • Analysis of publication trends from 2000 to 2022 to assess the adoption of molecular techniques.
  • Comparison of molecular identification accuracy against traditional taxonomic methods.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in publications using DNA barcoding and metabarcoding for ichthyoplankton identification, from 6 (2000-2010) to 75 (2011-2021).
  • Demonstrated high accuracy of molecular identification compared to conventional taxonomic approaches.
  • Successful application of these methods across diverse aquatic environments.

Conclusions:

  • DNA barcoding and metabarcoding represent the state-of-the-art for precise and efficient identification of fish eggs and larvae.
  • These molecular tools are essential for advancing ichthyoplankton research, biodiversity assessment, and environmental monitoring.
  • Adoption of DNA-based methods is critical for robust and reliable scientific outcomes in ichthyology.