Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

1.9K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
1.9K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.4K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.4K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.2K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.2K
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

10.4K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
10.4K
The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

The Calvin Benson Cycle

4.7K
Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
4.7K
Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

61
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
61

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gram-to-Ton Synthesis of Single-Atom Materials via Low-Hydroxyl-Coverage Surface Collision.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Monolithic ion-electron coupling interfaces enable low-impedance moisture-electric generators.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Spatially Separated Activation-Conversion Nitride Catalysts for Accelerated Ammonia Synthesis.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Indium-free perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with tin oxide recombination layer and electrodes.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Direct Assembly of Magnetically Tunable Nanoallotropes as Photonic Inks.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Current advances in PDGF isoform specificity and variable functions in aging-associated neurological disorders.

Neurobiology of disease·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

8.5K

Engineered disorder in CO2 photocatalysis.

Zhao Li1,2,3, Chengliang Mao2, Qijun Pei4

  • 1Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.

Nature Communications
|November 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Engineered disorder in titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts creates a core-shell structure that enhances light absorption and charge separation. This boosts CO2 reduction for sustainable fuel production.

More Related Videos

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
05:41

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods

Published on: February 11, 2016

9.6K
CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light
07:08

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

Published on: June 12, 2019

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

8.5K
Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
05:41

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods

Published on: February 11, 2016

9.6K
CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light
07:08

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

Published on: June 12, 2019

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Efficient photocatalysis relies on light harvesting, charge separation, and surface reactions.
  • Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely studied photocatalyst.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance TiO2 photocatalyst efficiency through disorder engineering.
  • To develop a novel approach for sustainable chemical and fuel generation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a crystalline-amorphous TiO2 core-shell heterostructure (c-TiO2@a-TiO2-x(OH)y) via solid-state reduction.
  • Characterization of surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) and their reactivity.

Main Results:

  • The c-TiO2@a-TiO2-x(OH)y heterostructure exhibits boosted light absorption and charge carrier separation.
  • SFLPs heterolytically dissociate dihydrogen, forming reactive intermediates for CO2 reduction.
  • Enhanced carrier lifetimes and photothermal heat generation contribute to increased reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • Disorder engineering in TiO2 offers a general strategy for efficient photocatalysis.
  • This approach enables the sustainable production of chemicals and fuels from CO2.