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Improper weapons are a neglected category of harmful objects.

Paolo Frugarello1, Elena Rusconi2,3, Remo Job1

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Proper and improper weapons are psychologically distinct categories. Hazard perceptions differ between object types and by gender for improper weapons, informing security risk assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Criminology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Legal classifications distinguish weapons as 'proper' (offensive per se) or 'improper' (adapted/intended for harm).
  • Psychological validity of this distinction and its impact on risk assessment are under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate hazard perceptions across 'proper' weapons, 'improper' weapons, and everyday objects.
  • To investigate psychological differences between these object categories based on dangerousness, frequency, and controllability.

Main Methods:

  • Online survey administered to 300 respondents.
  • Assessment of hazard perceptions across three object categories and three dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in hazard perceptions were found among proper weapons, improper weapons, and everyday objects.
  • Gender differences in hazard perception were more pronounced for improper weapons than for proper weapons.

Conclusions:

  • Proper and improper weapons represent psychologically distinct categories with overlapping boundaries.
  • Understanding these psychological distinctions can enhance security risk assessment strategies.