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Sex Inclusion in Transcriptome Studies of Daily Rhythms.

Dora Obodo1,2, Elliot H Outland1, Jacob J Hughey1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Journal of Biological Rhythms
|November 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Female mammals are significantly underrepresented in circadian genomics research, with few studies including female samples. This sex bias persists despite NIH policies, limiting generalizability and hindering the study of sex differences in daily rhythms.

Keywords:
biological sexcircadian rhythmsdaily rhythmsgenomicssex inclusiontranscriptome data

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Genomics
  • Mammalian Research

Background:

  • Biomedical research traditionally excludes female mammals, potentially limiting the generalizability of findings.
  • Lack of female representation in circadian genomics is not well-documented.
  • Sex as a biological variable is increasingly recognized as crucial in research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the extent of female underrepresentation in mammalian circadian transcriptome studies.
  • To assess changes in sex inclusion practices over time.
  • To identify opportunities for improving female representation in circadian genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of publicly available transcriptome studies on mammalian daily rhythms.
  • Analysis of sex inclusion in 148 in vivo mammalian studies.
  • Categorization of studies by organism (mice, rats, humans) and tissue type.

Main Results:

  • Strong underrepresentation of females across species and tissues was observed.
  • Only 23/123 mouse, 0/10 rat, and 9/15 human studies included female samples.
  • Studies including both sexes often had more male than female samples, with little change since 2016.

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex bias in circadian genomics research persists.
  • Improved female representation is critical for accurate scientific generalization.
  • Further research is needed to explore sex differences in genome-level daily rhythms.