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Epidemiology of biopsy-proven glomerular diseases in Chinese children: A scoping review
Yetong Li1,2, Yue Yang2, Li Zhuo2
1Department of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health Capital Medical University Beijing China.
Insights
Pediatric glomerular diseases in China show significant variations by sex, age, region, and time. Minimal change disease is most common, with an increasing incidence over the past three decades.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Glomerular Diseases
- Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology
Background:
- Glomerular disease is a primary driver of chronic kidney disease globally.
- Limited scoping reviews exist on the spectrum of pediatric glomerular diseases in China.
- This study addresses the need for a comprehensive overview of pediatric glomerular diseases in China.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically identify and describe retrospective studies on pediatric glomerular disease in China.
- To analyze data on sex, age, study period, and geographical distribution.
- To characterize the spectrum and trends of glomerular diseases in Chinese children.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across six major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Library, Wangfang, CNKI).
- Studies published from inception to December 2021 were included.
- Data extraction focused on patient demographics, diagnoses, and study characteristics.
Main Results:
- Thirty-four studies comprising 40,430 pediatric patients with biopsy-proven glomerular disease were reviewed.
- Boys represented a significantly higher proportion than girls.
- Primary glomerular diseases accounted for 70% of cases, followed by secondary (26.1%) and hereditary (2.8%).
- Minimal change disease was the most prevalent, followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, and purpura nephritis.
- An increasing trend in glomerular disease incidence was observed in recent periods (2001-2010 and 2011-2021).
- Significant regional variations in the prevalence of major glomerular diseases were noted across China.
Conclusions:
- The spectrum of pediatric glomerular diseases in China is diverse and influenced by sex, age, study period, and region.
- Significant changes in the landscape of these diseases have occurred over the last 30 years.
- Understanding these epidemiological shifts is crucial for targeted interventions and management strategies.
Background:
Glomerular disease is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease globally. No scoping review reports have focused on China's spectrum of glomerular diseases in children. This study aimed to systematically identify and describe retrospective studies on pediatric glomerular disease based on available data on sex, age, study period, and region.
Methods:
Six databases were systematically searched for relevant studies from initiation to December 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Library, Wangfang Database, and CNKI.
Results:
Thirty-four studies were identified in the scoping review, including 40,430 patients with biopsy-proven diagnoses. The proportion of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. In this study, 28,280 (70%) cases were primary glomerular disease, 10,547 (26.1%) cases were diagnosed as secondary glomerular disease, and 1146 (2.8%) cases were hereditary glomerular disease. Minimal change disease is the most common glomerular disease among children in China, followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, and purpura nephritis. We observed increments in glomerular diseases in periods 2 (2001-2010) and 3 (2011-2021). The proportion of major glomerular diseases varies significantly in the different regions of China.
Conclusion:
The spectrum of pediatric glomerular diseases varied across sex, age groups, study periods, and regions, and has changed considerably over the past 30 years.
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