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2D Hetero-Nanoconstructs of Black Phosphorus for Breast Cancer Theragnosis: Technological Advancements
Soji Soman1, Sanjay Kulkarni1, Abhijeet Pandey1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:
As per global cancer statistics of 2020, female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and also the foremost cause of cancer death in women. Traditional treatments include a number of negative effects, making it necessary to investigate novel smart drug delivery methods and identify new therapeutic approaches. Efforts for developing novel strategies for breast cancer therapy are being devised worldwide by various research groups. Currently, two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) have attracted considerable attention and are best suited for theranostic nanomedicine. Particularly, their characteristics, including drug loading efficacy, biocompatibility, optical, thermal, electrical, and phototherapeutic characteristics, support their growing demand as a potential substitute for graphene-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications. In this review, we have explained different platforms of BP nanomaterials for breast cancer management, their structures, functionalization approaches, and general methods of synthesis. Various characteristics of BP nanomaterials that make them suitable for cancer therapy and diagnosis, such as large surface area, nontoxicity, solubility, biodegradability, and excellent near-infrared (NIR) absorption capability, are discussed in the later sections. Next, we summarize targeting approaches using various strategies for effective therapy with BP nanoplatforms. Then, we describe applications of BP nanomaterials for breast cancer treatment, which include drug delivery, codelivery of drugs, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, combined therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and multidrug resistance reversal strategy. Finally, the present challenges and future aspects of BP nanomaterials are discussed.
Insights
Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) offer a promising alternative to traditional breast cancer treatments. These nanomaterials show potential for advanced theranostic nanomedicine due to their unique properties for drug delivery and therapy.
Area of Science:
- Nanomedicine
- Biomaterials Science
- Oncology
Background:
- Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies beyond traditional treatments.
- Existing treatments have significant side effects, driving research into advanced drug delivery systems.
- Two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) are emerging as a promising platform for theranostic nanomedicine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse applications of black phosphorus nanomaterials in breast cancer management.
- To discuss the synthesis, functionalization, and unique properties of BP nanomaterials relevant to cancer therapy and diagnosis.
- To explore various therapeutic strategies employing BP nanoplatforms for breast cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on black phosphorus nanomaterials for breast cancer.
- Analysis of BP nanomaterials' structural, optical, thermal, and electrical properties.
- Summarization of targeting strategies and therapeutic applications of BP nanoplatforms.
Main Results:
- BP nanomaterials possess advantageous characteristics for cancer theranostics, including large surface area, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and near-infrared absorption.
- BP nanoplatforms demonstrate efficacy in various breast cancer treatment modalities: drug delivery, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy.
- BP nanomaterials show potential for overcoming multidrug resistance in breast cancer.
Conclusions:
- Black phosphorus nanosheets represent a versatile and effective nanoplatform for advanced breast cancer theranostics.
- Further research into BP nanomaterials could lead to improved, targeted therapies with reduced side effects.
- Challenges and future directions in the development and clinical application of BP nanomaterials are highlighted.
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