Exploring the Relationship between Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Obesity is a major burden for modern medicine, with many links to negative health outcomes, including the increased incidence of certain cancer types. Interestingly, some studies have supported the concept of an "Obesity Paradox", where some cancer patients living with obesity have been shown to have a better prognosis than non-obese patients. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are malignancies originating from neuroendocrine cells, in some cases retaining important functional properties with consequences for metabolism and nutritional status. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence demonstrating that obesity is both a risk factor for developing NENs as well as a good prognostic factor. We further identify the limitations of existing studies and further avenues of research that will be necessary to optimize the metabolic and nutritional status of patients living with NENs to ensure improved outcomes.