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Related Concept Videos

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

77
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

3.3K
The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

5.1K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s
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Nitro-Containing Self-Immolative Systems for Biological Applications.

Cédric Spitz1, Nicolas Primas1,2, Thierry Terme1

  • 1Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR UMR CNRS 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin-CS 30064, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France.

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Summary

The nitro group

Keywords:
nitroprobeprodrugself-immolation

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Self-immolative systems, first introduced in 1981, involve triggered, cascading reactions releasing smaller molecules.
  • These systems have broad applications in analytical chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and materials science.
  • The nitro group's electron-withdrawing properties make it valuable in self-immolative chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of the nitro group in self-immolative processes.
  • To analyze how the nitro group's position influences its function in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of self-immolative systems utilizing the nitro group.
  • Analysis of reaction mechanisms and outcomes based on nitro group placement.

Main Results:

  • The nitro group significantly impacts the initiation and propagation of self-immolative cascades.
  • Different positions of the nitro group lead to varied reactivity and release profiles.
  • This highlights the tunable nature of nitro-triggered self-immolation.

Conclusions:

  • The nitro group is a key functional element in designing and controlling self-immolative systems.
  • Understanding the positional effects of the nitro group is crucial for optimizing their performance in diverse applications.