Trained Immunity as a Prospective Tool against Emerging Respiratory Pathogens

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Vaccinology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Parental vaccines rely on adaptive immune memory, which is ineffective against emerging viral variants.
• Trained immunity provides rapid, enhanced innate immune responses to diverse pathogens.
• Existing vaccines struggle against rapidly mutating respiratory viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the protective role of trained immunity against respiratory pathogens.
• To discuss experimental models for evaluating trained immunity inducers.
• To explore integrating trained innate and adaptive immunity for next-generation vaccines.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of trained immunity and vaccine development.
• Analysis of pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) interactions.
• Discussion of experimental models for trained immunity research.

Main Results:

• Trained immunity enhances innate responses to unrelated stimuli and pathogens.
• Pathogen recognition receptors (PPRs) mediate trained immunity's protective effects.
• Integrating innate and adaptive memory offers a novel vaccine strategy.

Conclusions:

• Trained immunity presents a promising strategy against respiratory pathogens.
• Novel inducers of trained immunity require robust experimental evaluation.
• Combining trained innate and adaptive memory can enhance vaccine efficacy against viral variants.