Epidemiology of Chiari I Malformation and Syringomyelia

Chiari I malformation is a common condition seen by adult and pediatric neurosurgeons. With increased utilization of MRI over time, incidental findings of Chiari I malformation are occurring more frequently. The prevalence of symptomatic Chiari I malformation is much smaller than that of asymptomatic Chiari I malformation. The prevalence of Chiari I malformation-associated syringomyelia is likely overestimated in the literature. The epidemiology of Chiari I malformation and associated syringomyelia differs based on age, sex, ethnicity, race, and socioeconomic status. The natural history of Chiari I malformation and associated syringomyelia appears to be quite benign as few patients who are managed nonsurgically later require surgical intervention.