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Dietary patterns and subclinical atherosclerosis incidence and progression: Results from ELSA-Brasil

Mariane de A Alves1, Andreia M Miranda1, Leandro T Cacau1

  • 1Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD
|November 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This study found no significant link between baseline dietary patterns and the incidence or progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in asymptomatic adults. Further research is needed to understand dietary impacts on cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global health burden.
  • Coronary artery calcification (CAC) score serves as a key marker for subclinical atherosclerosis and CVD risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals.
  • Prospective studies investigating the relationship between dietary patterns (DP) and CAC score are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively assess the association between baseline dietary patterns (DP) and the incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) score.
  • To analyze data from the ELSA-Brasil cohort to determine if specific dietary patterns predict CAC development or worsening.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal prospective analysis of 2,824 participants from the ELSA-Brasil cohort with baseline and follow-up CAC exams.
  • Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis on food frequency questionnaire data.
  • Poisson and linear regression models were employed to examine associations between DP and CAC incidence/progression.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of CAC was 14.6%, and 60.3% of participants showed CAC progression.
  • Three distinct dietary patterns were identified: convenience, Brazilian traditional, and prudent.
  • No statistically significant association was found between baseline dietary patterns and CAC incidence or progression.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline dietary patterns do not appear to be associated with the incidence or progression of coronary artery calcification in this cohort.
  • The findings suggest that other factors may play a more significant role in the development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Abstract

Keywords:
CAC incidenceCAC progressionDietary patterns (DP)Subclinical atherosclerosis

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