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Characterizing equitable access to grocery stores during disasters using location-based data.

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Hurricane Harvey disrupted grocery store access unequally. Socially vulnerable populations faced greater challenges in reaching food supplies, highlighting the need for equity-focused disaster planning.

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Area of Science:

  • Disaster Management
  • Urban Planning
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Natural hazards disrupt access to essential facilities like grocery stores.
  • Disrupted access disproportionately affects socially vulnerable populations during disasters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine disparate access to grocery stores during Hurricane Harvey in Harris County, Texas.
  • To identify how socially vulnerable populations are disproportionately affected by disrupted access.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution location-based datasets and spatial network analysis.
  • Applied dynamic clustering techniques to analyze access during different disaster phases.
  • Examined access using network-centric measures: store visits, trip time, and distance.

Main Results:

  • Access disparities to grocery stores were evident for socially vulnerable populations.
  • Simple distributional factors (e.g., food deserts) are insufficient to capture access disparities.
  • Flooding disproportionately impacted socially vulnerable populations' access to food supplies.

Conclusions:

  • Equity-focused and data-driven approaches are crucial for identifying vulnerable areas.
  • Findings have implications for urban development, emergency management, and resource allocation.
  • High-income areas demonstrated better access during the preparation phase.