Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

638
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
638
Censoring Survival Data01:09

Censoring Survival Data

189
Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different...
189
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

141
Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
141
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

500
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
500
Assumptions of Survival Analysis01:15

Assumptions of Survival Analysis

173
Survival models analyze the time until one or more events occur, such as death in biological organisms or failure in mechanical systems. These models are widely used across fields like medicine, biology, engineering, and public health to study time-to-event phenomena. To ensure accurate results, survival analysis relies on key assumptions and careful study design.
173
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

248
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
248

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Socio-ecological correlates of children's diet in the first 2 years of life: influence of socio-economic position and migration background in a French birth cohort.

Public health nutrition·2026
Same author

Chemical exposome patterns in mothers and children across urbanisation levels in five European birth cohorts.

Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology·2026
Same author

VOYAGER: an international consortium investigating the role of human papilloma virus and genetics in oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk and survival.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Cross-ancestral GWAS identifies 29 novel variants across Head and Neck Cancer subsites.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2024
Same author

Integrating environmental, entomological, animal, and human data to model the <i>Leishmania infantum</i> transmission risk in a newly endemic area in Northern Italy.

One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2020
Same author

Natural history of naevi: a two-wave study.

The British journal of dermatology·2020
Same journal

Methods for incorporating test result information within the high-dimensional propensity score framework: application in UK electronic health record data.

BMC medical research methodology·2026
Same journal

Sparse multi-way DMDC for longitudinal classification in high dimension low sample size data.

BMC medical research methodology·2026
Same journal

Tree-based exploratory identification of predictive biomarkers in non-randomized data.

BMC medical research methodology·2026
Same journal

Comparative evaluation of interrupted time series analytical methods for healthcare quality improvement research: a Monte Carlo simulation study.

BMC medical research methodology·2026
Same journal

Methodological advances in claims-based dementia algorithms: integrating medication and clinical data for medicare populations.

BMC medical research methodology·2026
Same journal

An interpretable XGboost algorithm for predicting 30-day mortality in acute pancreatitis using routine biomarkers.

BMC medical research methodology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

4.0K

Applied causal inference methods for sequential mediators.

D Zugna1, M Popovic2, F Fasanelli2

  • 1Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy. daniela.zugna@unito.it.

BMC Medical Research Methodology
|November 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal mental health during pregnancy has a small mediating effect on infant wheezing through adverse reproductive outcomes and respiratory infections. The choice of mediation analysis method depends on study specifics and data types.

Keywords:
Causal inferenceDirect and indirect effectsImputationMediation analysisSequential mediatorsWeighting

More Related Videos

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.3K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

650

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

4.0K
Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.3K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

650

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Biostatistics
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Mediation analysis quantifies how an exposure's effect on an outcome is explained by intermediate variables (mediators).
  • The total effect can be divided into direct (unexplained) and indirect (explained by mediators) effects.
  • Complex pathways with multiple or sequential mediators allow for finer effect decompositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare four statistical methods for analyzing multiple sequential mediators.
  • To investigate the mediating roles of adverse reproductive outcomes and infant respiratory infections.
  • To examine the effect of maternal pregnancy mental health on infant wheezing using the Ninfea birth cohort data.

Main Methods:

  • Review and comparison of four mediation analysis approaches: inverse odds ratio weighting, inverse probability weighting, imputation, and extended imputation.
  • Application of these methods to a case-study from the Ninfea birth cohort.
  • Investigation of sequential mediation pathways involving maternal mental health, reproductive outcomes, and infant respiratory infections.

Main Results:

  • The direct effect of maternal depression/anxiety on infant wheezing was a 59% increased prevalence.
  • Mediated effects through adverse reproductive outcomes (3%) and infant respiratory infections (5%) were small.
  • The extended imputation approach indicated infant respiratory infections, not adverse reproductive outcomes, primarily drove the indirect effect.

Conclusions:

  • All four methods consistently showed a small mediating role for adverse reproductive outcomes and infant respiratory infections.
  • The selection of a mediation analysis method should consider the specific research question, variable types, and model assumptions.
  • Findings highlight the limited but present indirect pathways linking maternal mental health in pregnancy to infant wheezing.