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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
Published on: May 2, 2025
Early renal structural changes and potential biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy
Hao Liu1, Jianguo Feng2, Liling Tang1
1Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
Abstract:
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, with increasing prevalence and mortality. Currently, renal function is assessed clinically using albumin excretion rate and glomerular filtration rate. But before the appearance of micro-albumin, the glomerular structure has been severely damaged. Glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine is a certain underestimate of renal status. Early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy has an important role in improving kidney function and delaying disease progression with drugs. There is an urgent need for biomarkers that can characterize the structural changes associated with the kidney. In this review, we focus on the early glomerular and tubular structural alterations, with a detailed description of the glomerular injury markers SMAD1 and Podocalyxin, and the tubular injury markers NGAL, Netrin-1, and L-FABP in the context of diabetic nephropathy. We have summarized the currently studied protein markers and performed bioprocess analysis. Also, a brief review of proteomic and scRNA-seq method in the search of diabetic nephropathy.
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