Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition
Published on: July 26, 2016
Reply to the 'Comment on "Structural, electrical and multiferroic characteristics of lead-free multiferroic:
Nitin Kumar1, Alok Shukla1, Nripesh Kumar1
1Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Mizoram Aizawl-796012 India nitinphysicskushawaha@gmail.com.
Abstract:
The cobalt and titanium modified BiFeO3 [i.e., Bi(Co0.40Ti0.40Fe0.20)O3; referred to as BCTF80/20] solid solution was synthesized via a simple and cost effective solid-state technique, and numerous sets of studies (structural, elemental, electrical, leakage current, multiferroic and other properties) were carried out and reported. The basic structural symmetry was investigated and phase identification of the prepared samples was carried out by analyzing powder X-ray diffraction data through the widely used "POWDMULT" software. From the XRD pattern [Fig. 2(a) of RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 36939], it is clear that almost all the reflection peaks (including those that appear to be split) have been indexed to a single phase (based on the best agreement between experimental and calculated interplanar distances and minimum standard deviation) system using the above software. The lattice parameters, average crystallite size, cell volume, and micro-strain value are strongly affected by the addition of Co and Ti into the bismuth ferrite. The significant enhancement of various parameter (i.e., electrical, multiferroic and so on) values of BCTF80/20 ceramics may make them promising candidates for the development of new generation electronic devices.
Related Concept Videos
Structures of Solids
Molecular and Ionic Solids
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria
Ferromagnetism

