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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
21.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Circulating MicroRNA Quantification Using DNA-binding Dye Chemistry and Droplet Digital PCR
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Circulating MicroRNA Quantification Using DNA-binding Dye Chemistry and Droplet Digital PCR

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Label-free microRNA detection using a locked-to-unlocked transforming system assembled by microfluidics.

Xuting Liu1, Yi Zhen1, Nengsheng Ye1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China. yensh@cnu.edu.cn.

Lab on a Chip
|November 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A novel microfluidic tool rapidly detects microRNAs (miRNAs), potential cancer biomarkers, using DNA locked and unlocked states. This system offers sensitive and specific quantification in complex biological samples like urine and serum.

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High Throughput MicroRNA Profiling: Optimized Multiplex qRT-PCR at Nanoliter Scale on the Fluidigm Dynamic ArrayTM IFCs
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High Throughput MicroRNA Profiling: Optimized Multiplex qRT-PCR at Nanoliter Scale on the Fluidigm Dynamic ArrayTM IFCs
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Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
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Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial biomarkers for early cancer detection, found in bodily fluids.
  • Existing miRNA detection methods can be complex and time-consuming.
  • A need exists for rapid, sensitive, and specific miRNA detection tools for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a microfluidics-assembled tool for rapid miRNA detection.
  • To utilize a DNA locked-to-unlocked system for signal amplification.
  • To validate the tool's performance in complex biological samples.

Main Methods:

  • A microfluidic system was used to rapidly assemble a DNA locked-to-unlocked system.
  • Target miRNA triggers specific cleavage, transitioning DNA from locked to unlocked state.
  • G-quadruplex formation catalyzes colorimetric detection, amplified by continuous miRNA cleavage and magnetic separation for enrichment.

Main Results:

  • The system achieved rapid production of the detection platform in 2 minutes.
  • Quantification of miRNA-21 was demonstrated with a detection limit of 2.01 pM.
  • The assay showed robust performance in spiked urine, saliva, and serum samples.

Conclusions:

  • The microfluidics-assembled locked-to-unlocked system provides a rapid and sensitive method for miRNA detection.
  • This technology shows promise for early cancer screening and diagnosis using complex biological matrices.
  • The system's efficiency and robustness make it suitable for diverse diagnostic applications.