Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot Causing Cyanosis: A Case Report

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect with characteristic features leading to unique physical exam and ultrasound findings. In settings where there is limited prenatal screening, TOF can present with cyanosis at any time from the neonatal period to adulthood depending on the degree of obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract.

This case describes a pediatric patient who presented with undifferentiated dyspnea and cyanosis, for whom point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) supported the diagnosis of TOF. We highlight the important role POCUS can play in a setting with limited access to formal echocardiography or consultative pediatric cardiology services.

This report highlights the utility of POCUS as an inflection point in the diagnostic and management pathway of this patient, which is particularly important when working in a limited-resource or rural setting.