Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Janus Face of sFRP4 in Cancer: From Mechanistic Complexity to Therapeutic Potential.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Study on the role and clinical relevance of gut microbiota in diabetic foot ulcers.

3 Biotech·2026

Same author

Case Report: Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease during pregnancy with favorable renal outcome, sequential biopsies, and dual anti-α1/α3(IV) and anti-LM521 antibodies.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same author

Cytobiological and molecular mechanisms underlying hybridization fertility differences among albino tea cultivars (Camellia sinensis).

Journal of advanced research·2026

Same author

Integrated circadian regulation in horticultural plants: light-environment mechanisms governing growth and development.

Horticulture research·2026

Same author

The narrow-spectrum circadian rhythm promotes the photosynthesis and pigment accumulation of celery within two days (light/dark: 12 h/12 h).

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Isolation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Guinea Pig Eyes

Isolation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Guinea Pig Eyes

Published on: May 9, 2023

The Role of Retinal Dysfunction in Myopia Development.

Yuke Huang¹, Xi Chen¹, Jing Zhuang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guang-Dong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China.

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology

|November 25, 2022

Summary

Myopia, a common vision disorder, is linked to retinal dysfunction. Understanding retinal changes from molecular to cellular levels may reveal new myopia treatments.

Keywords:

Myopia Neurons Neurotransmitters Retina Retinal structure miRNAs

More Related Videos

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Published on: April 3, 2016

Author Spotlight: Exploring Press Needle Efficacy and Underlying Molecular Pathways

Author Spotlight: Exploring Press Needle Efficacy and Underlying Molecular Pathways

Published on: April 12, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Isolation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Guinea Pig Eyes

Isolation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Guinea Pig Eyes

Published on: May 9, 2023

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Published on: April 3, 2016

Author Spotlight: Exploring Press Needle Efficacy and Underlying Molecular Pathways

Author Spotlight: Exploring Press Needle Efficacy and Underlying Molecular Pathways

Published on: April 12, 2024

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuroscience
Molecular Biology

Background:

Myopia is a prevalent refractive disorder caused by eye length and refractive power mismatch.
Increasing myopia prevalence poses a significant societal challenge.
Abnormal visual input is a key factor initiating myopia development.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review retinal dysfunction in myopia.
To explore myopia etiology from molecular to cellular levels.
To identify potential therapeutic targets for myopia.

Main Methods:

Review of molecular pathways involved in retinal function.
Analysis of cellular contributions (photoreceptors, RPE) to myopia.
Examination of structural changes in retinal layers.

Main Results:

Dopaminergic mechanisms are implicated in myopia.
Rod and cone photoreceptors play a role in myopia development.
Retinal pigment epithelium and neuro-retinal layers show myopic structural changes.

Conclusions:

Retinal dysfunction is crucial in myopia development.
Further understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms is needed.
This review provides insights for novel therapeutic strategies and future research.