Electrochemical detection of copper(II) in environmental samples using Penicillium sp. IITISM_ANK1 based biosensor

Detection of toxic metals at the lowest of their concentration in a variety of matrices has become a necessity due to the widespread and persistent nature of the contaminant. In this context, biosensors provide a viable alternative to the large sophisticated instrumentation. This study focuses on the development of a cost-effective fungal biomass-based biosensor that can be used for the detection of Cu(II). The fungal cells were pretreated with formaldehyde and studied with various spectroscopic studies. It was observed that the carbonyl groups along with amine groups played role in the sorption of copper ions which were stripped in an electrolytic solution to quantify the metal. Herein the dried fungal biomass was chemically activated and used to prepare a novel graphite paste electrode by repurposing a plastic pipette tip. The factors affecting the detection signal were optimized in further study. The electrochemical characterization revealed that the prepared bio-electrode was capable of detecting Cu in the range of 1 × 10^-7 M to 2 × 10^-5 M.