Shear ground reaction force variation among equine arena surfaces
C M Rohlf1, T C Garcia2, D P Fyhrie3
1JD Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California-Davis, 1285 Veterinary Medicine Dr. Bldg. VM3A Rm. 4206, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|November 25, 2022
Summary
Surface composition, not just dirt vs. synthetic, significantly impacts hoof shear forces and grip. Arena owners can manage fiber content, cushion depth, and moisture to optimize safety and reduce injury risk.
Area of Science:
- Equine Biomechanics
- Surface Science
Background:
- Shear forces at the hoof-surface interface are critical for performance and injury prevention in equestrian sports.
- Quantifying how different arena surface compositions influence these forces is essential for improving safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify shear forces across various dirt and synthetic arena surfaces.
- To determine the impact of surface composition and management factors on shear properties.
Main Methods:
- Measured shear ground reaction forces on 12 arena surfaces (5 dirt, 7 synthetic).
- Calculated cohesion/adhesion and coefficient of friction.
- Assessed surface composition, temperature, cushion depth, and moisture content.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in shear properties between dirt and synthetic categories.
- Surface fiber content correlated with decreased adhesion and increased coefficient of friction.
- Maximum shear force positively correlated with cushion depth and moisture content.
Conclusions:
- Equine arena surface shear behavior is more influenced by specific composition (e.g., fiber content) than broad material type (dirt/synthetic).
- Arena management practices, including adjusting composition, cushion depth, and moisture, can effectively modify shear forces and potentially mitigate injury risk.
Related Concept Videos
01:14Normal and Shear Force
2.5K
When a beam is subjected to different loads, such as weight, pressure, or other external forces, internal forces are generated within the beam. These forces can have a significant impact on the overall stability and strength of the structure. Engineers use various methods to analyze and determine the magnitude and direction of these internal forces. One common technique used to determine internal forces in beams is the method of sections. This method involves considering an imaginary point or...
2.5K
01:20Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface
2.5K
An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
The difference between the true and apparent weights is proportional to the square of the Earth's...
The difference between the true and apparent weights is proportional to the square of the Earth's...
2.5K
01:21Rolling Resistance
339
When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down...
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down...
339
01:12Taping Over Different Ground Profiles
65
Taping over varying ground profiles requires careful adaptation to achieve accurate measurements. On smooth, level ground with minimal vegetation, the tape can rest directly on the ground. Here, the taping team, typically consisting of a head and a rear tapeman, coordinates their positions with clear communication. The rear tapeman holds the tape at the starting point and guides the head tapeman toward a range pole placed beyond the endpoint, using hand or voice signals to ensure alignment.On...
65
01:30Dry Friction
443
Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
443
01:05Static and Kinetic Frictional Force
16.0K
One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
16.0K