Fatal rectovaginal fistula in post-radiotherapy locally advanced cervical cancer patients

To present the detailed history of three cervical cancer patients with rectovaginal fistula, who had undergone radiotherapy.

A 74-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis had radiotherapy for her advanced cervical cancer. Colonoscopic biopsy showed radiation sigmoid colitis and ulcers. Laparotomy revealed colon perforation and rectovaginal fistula. The second case is a 54-year-old cervical cancer patient, who had received concurrent chemoradiation therapy and further systemic therapy with cisplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab. She suffered from bloody stool and abdominal pain. Rectovaginal fistula was found during exploratory laparotomy. The third case is a 35-year-old cervical cancer patient, who had received concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Systemic therapy was then prescribed with platinum, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab for her lung metastasis, and a rectovaginal fistula was found later. All three patients did not survive later.

Fatal rectovaginal fistula may occur in post-radiation advanced cervical cancer patients. Unnecessary colonoscopic biopsy may cause significant sequelae. In patients with high risk for rectovaginal fistulas, chemotherapy without adding bevacizumab might be suggested in patients with low risk of poor response to chemotherapy. In addition, three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy or intensity-modulated radiation therapy should be used for patients with high risk for fistulas.