Small Tweaks, Major Changes: Post-Translational Modifications That Occur within M2 Macrophages in the Tumor

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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line
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Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line

Published on: August 2, 2021

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Shutao Zheng1, Yan Liang2, Yiyi Tan2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China.

Cancers
|November 26, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial for protein function. This review details PTMs in M2 macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting their roles and potential therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are vital for protein function and regulation.
  • M2 macrophages are key cellular players in the tumor microenvironment (TME), influencing cancer progression.
  • PTMs are increasingly recognized to occur within M2 macrophages, impacting their characteristics and functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review reported post-translational modifications (PTMs) occurring within M2 macrophages.
  • To consolidate understanding of PTMs' role in M2 macrophage function within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of PTMs in M2 macrophages, addressing a gap in existing literature.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies reporting PTMs in M2 macrophages.
  • Analysis of PTMs' impact on M2 macrophage behavior in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Inclusion of recent advances in PTM inhibitors and AI-driven PTM analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified and summarized various PTMs occurring in M2 macrophages.
  • Highlighted the significant influence of these PTMs on M2 macrophage functions within the TME.
  • Demonstrated the critical role of PTMs in shaping M2 macrophage-mediated tumor progression.

Conclusions:

  • PTMs are integral to the multifaceted roles of M2 macrophages in the TME.
  • Understanding M2 macrophage PTMs offers potential therapeutic strategies targeting cancer.
  • Future research directions include PTM inhibitor development and AI applications for PTM prediction.
Keywords:
M2 macrophagespost-translational modification (PTM)tumor microenvironment (TME)

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