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USP7 Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Perspective
Georgiy Korenev1, Sergey Yakukhnov1, Anastasia Druk1
1Scientific Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University, 354349 Sirius, Russia.
Abstract:
Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) regulates the stability of a plethora of intracellular proteins involved in the suppression of anti-tumor immune responses and its overexpression is associated with poor survival in many cancers. USP7 impairs the balance of the p53/MDM2 axis resulting in the proteasomal degradation of the p53 tumor suppressor, a process that can be reversed by small-molecule inhibitors of USP7. USP7 was shown to regulate the anti-tumor immune responses in several cases. Its inhibition impedes the function of regulatory T cells, promotes polarization of tumor-associated macrophages, and reduces programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells. The efficacy of small-molecule USP7 inhibitors was demonstrated in vivo. The synergistic effect of combining USP7 inhibition with cancer immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach, though its clinical efficacy is yet to be proven. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in understanding the intrinsic role of USP7, its interplay with other molecular pathways, and the therapeutic potential of targeting USP7 functions.
Insights
Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is a cancer target that suppresses anti-tumor immunity. Inhibiting USP7 shows promise for cancer immunotherapy by restoring immune balance and improving patient survival.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) overexpression is linked to poor cancer survival.
- USP7 regulates proteins involved in suppressing anti-tumor immune responses.
- USP7 inhibition can restore the p53 tumor suppressor's stability by modulating the p53/MDM2 axis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding USP7's role in cancer.
- To explore USP7's interactions with molecular pathways.
- To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting USP7 in cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of USP7's function in cancer.
- Analysis of USP7's impact on immune cells (T cells, macrophages).
- Evaluation of USP7 inhibitors' efficacy in preclinical models.
Main Results:
- USP7 inhibition can enhance anti-tumor immunity by affecting regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and PD-L1 expression.
- Small-molecule USP7 inhibitors have demonstrated in vivo efficacy.
- Combining USP7 inhibition with cancer immunotherapy presents a promising therapeutic strategy.
Conclusions:
- USP7 plays a critical role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses and cancer progression.
- Targeting USP7 offers a potential therapeutic avenue for various cancers.
- Further clinical studies are needed to validate the efficacy of USP7 inhibitors in combination with immunotherapy.
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