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Benefits of Participation in Clinical Trials: An Umbrella Review

Amira Bouzalmate-Hajjaj1, Paloma Massó Guijarro1,2,3, Khalid Saeed Khan1,4

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|November 26, 2022
PubMed

Keywords:
health changesnon-participantsparticipationrandomised controlled trialssystematic reviewsumbrella review

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Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
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The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
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