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Harnessing Normal and Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes for Cancer Therapy: Opportunity and

Mahdi Ahmadi1, Monireh Mahmoodi2, Maryam Shoaran3

  • 1Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5665665811, Iran.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 26, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) show dual roles in cancer, potentially promoting or suppressing tumors. Further research and standardization are crucial for their therapeutic application in cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Metastatic cancers cause over 8 million deaths annually, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) are emerging as potential cancer therapeutics.
  • The precise role of MSCs-Exo in tumor progression remains controversial, with evidence suggesting both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of MSCs-Exo in tumor progression, including effects on growth, metastasis, immunity, angiogenesis, and drug resistance.
  • To explore the potential of MSCs-Exo as standalone therapeutics and drug delivery systems for cancer treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of engineering MSCs-Exo for targeted cancer therapy and discuss challenges for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the interaction between MSCs-Exo and various cancers.
  • Analysis of evidence for both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing mechanisms mediated by MSCs-Exo.
  • Examination of current strategies for MSCs-Exo isolation, characterization, loading, and engineering.

Main Results:

  • MSCs-Exo exhibit complex regulatory functions in cancer, influencing tumor growth, metastasis, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance.
  • Contradictory findings exist regarding MSCs-Exo's impact on tumors, underscoring the need for further clarification.
  • Engineering MSCs-Exo offers a promising approach to enhance their antitumor efficacy through targeted delivery.

Conclusions:

  • MSCs-Exo play pivotal roles in tumor progression, presenting both challenges and opportunities for cancer therapy.
  • Harnessing MSCs-Exo as drug delivery vehicles or standalone agents holds significant therapeutic promise.
  • Standardization of isolation, characterization, and engineering methods is essential for the successful clinical implementation of MSCs-Exo-based cancer therapies.
Keywords:
MSCsdrug deliveryexosomesmesenchymal stem cellstumor

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