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Cytokine Profiling in Different SARS-CoV-2 Genetic Variants
Zoia R Korobova1,2, Natalia A Arsentieva1, Natalia E Liubimova1
1Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Ulitsa Mira, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 26, 2022
Summary
Four cytokines, including Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-18, and IL-27, consistently elevated in COVID-19 patients regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 variant. These may serve as stable infection markers.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Previous research explored chemokine profile changes in SARS-CoV-2 infections.
- The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants impacts host immune responses.
- Understanding cytokine dynamics is crucial for diagnosing and predicting COVID-19 severity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess cytokine concentrations in patients infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
- To identify stable cytokine biomarkers for COVID-19 infection across viral genetic variations.
- To investigate the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 variants and the host immune system.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 340 biological samples from COVID-19 patients and healthy donors (May 2020 - April 2022).
- Genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs.
- Quantification of cytokine concentrations in blood plasma.
Main Results:
- Out of nearly 30 cytokines, only IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and IL-27 showed stable elevation across all studied SARS-CoV-2 variants (Wuhan, Alpha, Delta, Omicron).
- These four cytokines represent potential 'constant' markers for COVID-19 infection.
- The diagnostic value of other studied cytokines diminishes with viral evolution.
Conclusions:
- IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and IL-27 are identified as consistent biomarkers for COVID-19, irrespective of the SARS-CoV-2 variant.
- The evolving nature of SARS-CoV-2 necessitates ongoing research into host immune responses.
- Further investigation is required to fully understand and utilize these findings for predictive modeling.
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