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Related Concept Videos

Wood Products01:21

Wood Products

121
Wood products encompass a broad range of materials crafted from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood-like shreds, designed for both structural and nonstructural purposes. Various specialized wood products have been developed to enhance strength, durability, and versatility in building applications.
Glue-laminated wood, often referred to as glulam, combines multiple smaller pieces of dimensional lumber using adhesives to form a single, larger piece. Cross-laminated timber consists...
121
Wood Surfacing01:14

Wood Surfacing

129
Wood surfacing is a critical finishing process designed to smoothen the wood surface, enhance its dimensional accuracy, and make handling safer. This process compensates for potential shrinkage during the seasoning phase by marginally increasing the wood dimensions before surfacing. It also helps correct some distortions that may occur as the wood dries.
The equipment used in the surfacing process is a plane equipped with rotating blades. This tool efficiently smoothens the wood surface and can...
129
Lumber01:19

Lumber

160
Lumber is derived from logs which are harvested, debarked, and processed into long pieces with a rectangular cross-section. The transformation of logs into lumber involves multiple steps, beginning with an automated saw that slices the log into slabs. These slabs are then transported via a conveyor belt to smaller saws, where they are cut into square-edged pieces of specific widths.
Initially, the surfaces of these lumber pieces are rough, and their dimensions may vary slightly from one end to...
160

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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
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Modification of Paper Surface by All-Lignin Coating Formulations.

Patricia I F Pinto1,2, Sandra Magina2, Sara Fateixa2

  • 1RAIZ-Forest and Paper Research Institute, Quinta de S. Francisco, Apartado 15, 3801-501 Eixo Aveiro, Portugal.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

All-lignin coatings using cationic kraft lignin and anionic lignosulphonate create hydrophobic paper with reduced air permeability. This novel formulation enhances paper properties without compromising mechanical strength, offering a sustainable solution.

Keywords:
cationic ligninfree surface energylayer-by-layer coatinglignosulfonatepaper

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Lignin, a byproduct of papermaking, is an abundant source of renewable aromatic polymers.
  • Developing functional coatings from lignin can enhance paper properties and promote sustainability.
  • Controlling lignin's self-assembly is key to creating ordered structures for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize all-lignin coating formulations using electrostatic interactions.
  • To investigate the self-organization and film-forming capabilities of lignin aggregates.
  • To evaluate the impact of all-lignin coatings on paper properties, including hydrophobicity and air permeability.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of all-lignin coatings by combining cationic kraft lignin (CL) and anionic lignosulphonate (LS).
  • Layer-by-layer deposition using dip-coating and roll-to-roll techniques on various substrates.
  • Characterization using atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), and contact angle measurements.

Main Results:

  • Electrostatic attraction between CL and LS formed insoluble, self-organized macromolecule aggregates that aligned into films.
  • The structure of lignin aggregates depended on the order and mode of application, indicating controlled self-assembly.
  • All-lignin coatings reduced paper's air permeability and surface energy, increasing hydrophobicity.
  • Moderate lignin loading (5-6 g m⁻²) did not negatively impact paper's mechanical strength.

Conclusions:

  • All-lignin coatings effectively modify cellulosic paper surfaces through controlled lignin self-assembly.
  • These coatings impart desirable properties like hydrophobicity and reduced air permeability.
  • This approach offers a sustainable route to valorize lignin and enhance paper functionality.