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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Hyperbranched Polymer Network Based on Electrostatic Interaction for Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Chenchen Yang1, Yan Jiang1, Na Cheng2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new polymer binder enhances silicon anode stability in lithium-ion batteries. Balancing charges at pH 7 significantly improves cycle performance, retaining 63.3% capacity after 200 cycles.

Keywords:
electrostatic interactionhyperbranched polyethyleneiminepH valuepolymer binder

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Silicon anodes offer high capacity for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
  • Volume expansion of silicon nanoparticles during cycling causes performance degradation and detachment from current collectors.
  • Effective polymer binders are crucial for maintaining electrode integrity and electrochemical performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel polymer binder for silicon anodes that mitigates volume expansion issues.
  • To investigate the use of electrostatic interactions for binder cross-linking and stability.
  • To optimize binder cross-linking by adjusting pH for improved battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a new polymer binder using hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI) and carboxylated polyethylene glycol (CPEG).
  • Utilizing electrostatic interactions for a pH-tunable cross-linking network.
  • Conducting constant current charge-discharge cycling tests to evaluate electrochemical stability.

Main Results:

  • The developed polymer binder effectively prevents Si nanoparticle detachment during charging and discharging.
  • Optimal binder performance and significantly improved charge-discharge cycle stability were observed at pH 7, where charge densities are balanced.
  • The silicon anode with the optimized binder achieved a specific capacity retention rate of 63.3% after 200 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The novel HPEI/CPEG polymer binder demonstrates significant potential for improving the cycling stability of silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries.
  • pH-controlled electrostatic cross-linking is an effective strategy for enhancing binder performance.
  • This approach offers a promising pathway towards realizing high-performance silicon-based energy storage devices.