Valorization of CO₂ through the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by ZIFs

One way to exploit CO2 is to use it as a feedstock for the production of cyclic carbonates via its reaction with organic epoxides. As far as we know, there is still no heterogeneous catalyst that accelerates the reaction in a selective, efficient and industrially usable way. Cobalt and zinc-based zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) have been explored as heterogeneous catalysts for this reaction. In particular, we have prepared ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 catalysts, which have been modified by partial replacement of 2-methylimidazole by 1,2,4-triazole, in order to introduce uncoordinated nitrogen groups with the metal. The catalysts have shown very good catalytic performance, within the best of the heterogeneous catalysts tested in the cycloaddition of CO2 with epichlorohydrin. The catalytic activity is due ultimately to defects on the outer surface of the crystal, and varies in the order of ZIF-67-m > ZIF-67 > ZiF-8-m = ZIF-8. Notably, reactions take place under mild reaction conditions and without the use of co-catalysts.