Nanocellulose: A Fundamental Material for Science and Technology Applications

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Polymer Science
• Biomaterials

Background:

• Growing environmental concerns drive demand for greener, biodegradable materials.
• Plant fibers are cost-effective, biodegradable alternatives to synthetic fibers in composites.
• Hydrophilic nature and water absorption of plant fibers hinder interfacial adhesion in polymer matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review updated information on nanocellulose isolation, classification, characterization, and applications.
• To discuss the characteristics and industrial status of cellulose-based fiber-reinforced polymer composites.

Main Methods:

• Mechanical methods for cellulose extraction.
• Chemical methods for cellulose extraction.
• Combined chemical and mechanical treatments for cellulose extraction.

Main Results:

• Nanocellulose (cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, microcrystalline cellulose) can be isolated using various methods.
• Nanocellulose finds applications in food packaging, water purification, drug delivery, and composites.
• Cellulose-based fiber-reinforced polymer composites show industrial relevance.

Conclusions:

• Chemical treatments can mitigate the hydrophilic nature of plant fibers.
• Nanocellulose is a versatile biomaterial with diverse applications.
• Further research into cellulose-based composites is crucial for sustainable material development.