Narrative Review on the Effects of Oat and Sprouted Oat Components on Blood Pressure

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Health
• Nutritional Science
• Hypertension Research

Background:

• Hypertension (HTN) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline.
• While oats are known to reduce CVD risk through cholesterol-lowering effects, their impact on blood pressure (BP) requires thorough assessment.
• Oats contain beneficial components like β-glucan, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and avenanthramides, which may positively influence BP and endothelial function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively assess the role of oats in managing blood pressure (BP).
• To review evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical intervention studies on oats and BP.
• To explore the mechanisms of action of oat bioactives on BP-relevant pathways.

Main Methods:

• Conducted a comprehensive literature search for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on oats and BP.
• Identified 18 RCTs and three meta-analyses supporting oats' role in decreasing BP.
• Reviewed literature on oat bioactives (e.g., GABA, β-glucan, avenanthramides) and their effects on BP-related mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Evidence from 18 RCTs and three meta-analyses supports oat consumption for lowering BP.
• Emerging data suggest oat intake may reduce the need for anti-hypertensive medications.
• Whole oats and oat bran, rich in bioactives, were primarily used in supportive studies.

Conclusions:

• Oats, particularly whole oats and oat bran, demonstrate a significant role in decreasing blood pressure (BP).
• Oat components like GABA, prebiotic fiber, and plant protein contribute to anti-hypertensive effects.
• Oat sprouts, with enhanced GABA levels, may offer particular benefits for healthy BP management.