Microcontroller Unit-Based Wireless Sensor Network Nodes: A Review

Area of Science:

• Computer Science
• Electrical Engineering
• Embedded Systems

Background:

• Energy consumption is a critical challenge limiting the lifespan of wireless sensor networks (WSNs).
• Microcontroller unit (MCU)-based wireless sensor nodes are advancing rapidly, offering diverse and sophisticated capabilities for the Internet-of-Things (IoT).
• A comprehensive comparison of existing wireless sensor nodes is essential for informed research and development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a detailed review and comparison of recently published MCU-based wireless sensor node platforms.
• To analyze the developmental trajectory and technological advancements in wireless sensor nodes.
• To guide researchers and developers in selecting appropriate platforms and avoiding research redundancy.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of recently published research articles on MCU-based wireless sensor node platforms.
• Comparison of advanced MCU-based platforms with commercially available motes based on predefined criteria.
• Analysis of key specifications including processing, memory, communication, power, sensor support, applications, programming, and security.

Main Results:

• Recent MCU-based wireless sensor nodes show significant advancements compared to commercial platforms.
• Key comparison parameters include processing power, memory, communication protocols, power efficiency, sensor integration, and hardware security.
• The study identifies trends and provides insights into the evolution of wireless sensor node technology.

Conclusions:

• The review provides a clear overview of progress in autonomous wireless sensor node design.
• It aims to assist developers in creating improved designs that surpass current commercial offerings.
• The paper serves as a guide for researchers and users to select the most suitable wireless sensor node for specific applications.