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The Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Comprehensive Review

William Bonadio1

  • 1Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Clinical Pediatrics
|November 26, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication in children with diabetes. This review covers DKA

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Diabetes Mellitus Management

Background:

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a frequent and severe acute complication in children diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM).
  • DKA can manifest in new-onset type 1 DM, established type 1 DM during illness or insulin interruption, and increasingly in type 2 DM.
  • While diagnosis is often clear in known diabetes patients, many new-onset DM cases present initially with DKA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of DKA in pediatric patients.
  • To detail the pathophysiology, critical treatment considerations, and potential complications associated with DKA.

Main Methods:

  • This is a comprehensive review article.
  • It synthesizes current knowledge on DKA in children.

Main Results:

  • DKA is a significant concern across both type 1 and type 2 pediatric diabetes.
  • Early recognition and management are crucial for preventing severe outcomes.
  • Understanding pathophysiology aids in effective treatment and complication avoidance.

Conclusions:

  • DKA requires thorough clinical awareness, especially in new-onset diabetes.
  • Effective management hinges on understanding its complex pathophysiology and potential pitfalls.
  • This review equips clinicians to better manage DKA and its associated risks in pediatric populations.

Keywords:
cerebral edemadiabeteshyperglycemiainsulinketoacidosis

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