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Perinatal Care Changes During COVID-19: A Population-Based Analysis by Race/Ethnicity
Erica L Eliason1, Maria W Steenland2, Jamie R Daw3
1Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|November 26, 2022
Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic modestly changed perinatal care, with varied impacts across racial and ethnic groups. These shifts may influence existing maternal health disparities.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Maternal Health
- Health Services Research
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare services, potentially exacerbating existing racial-ethnic disparities in maternal care.
- Understanding pandemic-related changes in perinatal care is crucial for addressing maternal health inequities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate population-level changes in perinatal health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- To assess these changes overall and stratified by maternal race-ethnicity.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of U.S. live births from 2016-2020.
- Interrupted time-series analysis to estimate changes associated with the pandemic's start (March 2020).
- Examined prenatal care visits, hospital births, labor induction, and cesarean delivery rates by maternal race-ethnicity.
Main Results:
- Overall decreases observed in mean prenatal care visits and hospital birth rates.
- Increases noted in labor induction rates.
- Prenatal care visit reductions were similar across groups; hospital birth reductions were largest for non-Hispanic White individuals; labor induction increases were largest for non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander individuals.
Conclusions:
- The COVID-19 pandemic led to modest overall changes in perinatal care.
- Significant differential changes occurred based on maternal race-ethnicity.
- These disparities in perinatal service utilization may impact racial-ethnic maternal health inequities.
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