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Adherence to Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern and Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Iran
Melika Hajjar1, Marzieh Pourkerman1, Arezoo Rezazadeh1
1Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutrition and Cancer
|November 27, 2022
Summary
Adhering to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may significantly reduce bladder cancer (BC) risk. This study found lower BC odds with higher MD adherence, particularly with increased dairy, fish, and whole-grain intake.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nutritional Epidemiology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Dietary patterns play a role in cancer risk, with the Mediterranean diet (MD) recognized for potential health benefits.
- Investigating the association between MD adherence and bladder cancer (BC) risk is crucial for public health.
- Limited research exists on dietary patterns and BC risk in Middle Eastern populations.
Observation:
- A case-control study involving 103 BC cases and 200 controls (aged 45-92) in Iran.
- Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
- Adherence to the MD was quantified using the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS).
Findings:
- Higher adherence to the MD (MSDPS) was significantly associated with reduced odds of BC (OR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.09-0.52; p trend = 0.001).
- Specific MD components like dairy, fish, seafood, whole-grain, and bread intake showed protective associations with BC risk (p < 0.05).
- Conversely, increased intake of poultry, sweets, and eggs correlated with higher BC risk (p < 0.05).
Implications:
- Findings suggest that adopting MD principles may offer a protective effect against bladder cancer.
- Dietary recommendations for BC prevention should consider promoting MD components.
- Further research is warranted to confirm these findings in diverse populations and explore underlying mechanisms.
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