UV-vis and ECD spectroelectrochemistry of atropisomeric naphthalenediimide derivative

The UV-vis and ECD spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) of a chiral binaphthalenylamine derivative of the N-butyl naphthalenediimide (NDIB-NH₂) enantiomers were applied to measure UV-vis and ECD spectra of NDIB-NH₂ radicals and dianion formed in the reduction and oxidation processes observed in cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV curves and EPR spectroelectrochemistry enabled us to establish conditions at which a radical-anion [NDIB-NH₂]̇^.-, a dianion [NDIB-NH₂]^2-, and a radical-cation [NDIB-NH₂]̇^.+ are formed. The DFT restricted open-shell CAM-B3LYP-D3/def2TZVP/PCM calculations demonstrated that in the radical-anion [NDIB-NH₂]̇^.-, spin is spread over the NDI system while in the radical-cation [NDIB-NH₂]̇⁺ it is spread over the aminonaphthalene moiety. The UV-vis spectra of radical-anion and dianion show the most significant changes in the 400-800 nm range. In that range, the ECD spectra varied with the change of electrode potential more than the UV-vis did and enabled the identification of a new ECD band of [NDIB-NH₂]̇^.- at ca. 400 nm hidden in the background in the UV spectra at -1000 mV. A broad structured ECD pattern with a maximum at ca. 530 nm was observed for [NDIB-NH₂]̇^.- (-1000 mV), while a single smooth ECD band of [NDIB-NH₂]^2- was located at 520 nm (-1750 mV). For the first time, an isosbestic point (455 nm) was found in ECD spectroelectrochemical measurements for the radical-cation [NDIB-NH₂]̇^.+ in equilibrium with the NDIB-NH₂ neutral form. The TD-DFT CAM-B3LYP-D3/6-31G** calculations combined with the hybrid (explicit combined with implicit) solvation model fairly well reproduced the UV-vis and ECD SEC of neutral and redox forms of NDIB-NH₂ but the ECD spectrum of [NDIB-NH₂]̇^.+ above 390 nm.